Introduction
Academicians and teachers are increasingly being
concerned at the declining reading habit in children.
Since the last decade or so, the increasing influence
of the television, the Internet, and other visual
media have gradually taken children and young
adults away from the world of books. While children
spend a lot of time watching cartoons and chatting
through the Internet, there are very few, except
the most motivated kind, who would settle down
with a book and read it to completion. Many experts
believe that there are many important factors
like lack of commitment from teachers and elders,
lack of availability of good books, and even the
lack of good authors that contribute to the dwindling
reading habit in children. It is in this backdrop
that an analysis of how a creative atmosphere
can be created for children to stimulate them
to read becomes important.
Analysis
Many schools and educational institutions give
importance to exposing children to books so that
they will develop the urge to read them gradually.
Just like children who are exposed to TV get attracted
to TV programmes, experts believe that exposing
children to an environment that is enriched with
good books will create good readers out of them.
For this, it is necessary that they are exposed
to the world of books, not necessarily reading
them but at least playing around with them, since
a very young age.
The concept of a book club
Book clubs are wonderful tools that ensure that
children will read a book in detail. Unlike libraries,
book clubs involve the members to a much higher
level. Book clubs prompt readers to discuss books
that they have read recently. It is this facility
that helps to discuss books that makes book clubs
stand out as literary discussion centers than
mere providers of literary content [Kathy, 2004].
In the book clubs that are meant for children,
books, after being read can be enacted on stage
with parents providing the vital backstage support.
This can enhance the creativity of the child and
also helps in his or her social and mental development.
While family therapy is considered as a very good
technique to enhance the skills of physically
challenged children, it also can be used as an
effective technique to bolster the mental and
physical faculties of normal children as well.
In addition, when children interact with other
children, they develop healthy competition between
them, which encourages them to read and explore
books [Mahoney, and Perales, 2003]
Books and materials that may be used to enhance
creativity
The nature of books and materials used in a children’s
book club or library is very important. Materials
that are brightly colored, non-toxic and safe
need to be used to ensure that children do not
get hurt when they play with them. The books must
have large fonts, easy language, and also short
stories that can be easily understood by children.
In addition, the materials available in the club
must correspond to the stories that the children
have learnt. For example, it is a good idea to
use props in a classroom or children’s educational
centers to encourage children to read books. The
story that they learn through the books may be
enacted by the teachers using props, which will
give the students a clear idea of the material
that they have read. Similarly, props may be used
to aid in the visual and physical co-ordination
of the child. Mythologies and animal stories are
great entertainers for children because of their
gaudy dresses and animated gestures and hence
they must be included in a children’s library.
Activities in a book club
It would be a nice endeavor to encourage children
to read aloud. Some volunteers may be selected
from a group of kids, and they may be asked to
read aloud from the books available with them.
This will ensure that elders can catch and correct
mistakes. This will also enhance the reading and
comprehension ability of the kids. Kids will learn
vital language aspects like pronunciation and
pauses that must be used in everyday language.
Similarly, reading aloud to children also helps
them develop their imagination and creativity.
Children become inquisitive when parents or teachers
read aloud stories to them that are animated and
interesting. In fact, many teachers opine that
reading aloud to children is far better in arousing
creativity in children than the animations in
the story books [Guignon, 2002]
The role of parents and elders
Parents and elders can play a very important role
in enhancing the reading experience of little
kids. They can read aloud stories to children,
involve themselves in the plays and skits, encourage
children to act out a play, teach children to
enjoy books, or simply make them curious so that
kids read the storybooks [Guignon, 2002]. Parents
also will understand and appreciate the perspectives
of children if they discuss what the kids have
read. This ensures that the bond between the children
and the parents are maintained at a very healthy
level [Hanney and Kozlowska, 2002; Dale and Thoreson,
1999]
Even for those parents who have a busy schedule,
reading the newspaper aloud can be a method that
induces interest in reading in their young children.
Parents can use the newspapers and the photographs
in it to stimulate the thought processes of kids.
By reading out interesting news articles, they
can capture the interest of their kids and also
encourage them to explore the news papers for
word-picture associations. Many parents teach
their children about commonly occurring objects
like trains, planes and cars by showing their
pictures that frequent the news papers.
Piaget's theory of developmental stages
Piaget essentially believed that there are definite
stages in cognitive development in an individual.
Piaget's theory focuses on the individual and
considers the stages of an individual's development
as the primary factor to cognitive development.
According to Piaget's theory (1970) cognitive
development of an individual occurs through a
number of stages and levels and the knowledge
structures or schemes differ based on the current
stage of development. Cognitive Constructivism
propounded by Piaget believes in the supremacy
of mind in learning process and considers the
organization of information around concepts, problems,
and the interrelationships of associated subjects
and ideas. The theory is premised on the notion
that though the teacher leads the class though
his or her instructional program, thinking and
learning is essentially the responsibility of
the student, and that a student builds on the
prior knowledge of a subject by exploring and
processing new information and addressing misconceptions,
thereby promoting his or her question-asking behavior.
Piaget proposed four stages of development:
• The Sensorimotor Period when the child
relies on its senses to define circumstances.
A child who believes that a toy is "gone"
when he or she no longer sees it, is in this stage.
• In the Preoperational Thought period the
child attains representational skills and thinks
in its own egoistic terms. A child who believes
that a taller glass will have more water in it
than the adjacent smaller glasses is in this stage.
The child does not take into account that the
water level can be decided by those who fill it.
• In the Concrete Operations stage, the
child can accommodate another person’s views.
• In the Formal Operations stage, a child
can think abstractly and logically.
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